January 2009
Report prepared by Canadian High Commission, Bridgetown, Barbados
Trade Section
PO Box 404
Bridgetown, Barbados
Fax: 246-437-8474
Email: bdgtn-td@dfait-maeci.gc.ca
Website: www.tradecommissioner.gc.ca/bb
The Government of Canada has prepared this report based on primary and secondary sources of information. Readers should take note that the Government of Canada does not guarantee the accuracy of any of the information contained in this report, nor does it necessarily endorse the organizations listed herein. Readers should independently verify the accuracy and reliability of the information.
| Market Highlights |
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| Key Shipping Companies | |
| Key Air Freight Companies | |
| Key Contacts |
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The purpose of this report is to provide prospective Canadian exporters with an overview of the options open to them for transporting goods from Canada to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean. This report outlines the companies offering service to Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, British Virgin Islands (BVI), Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, St. Maarten, and St. Vincent. This report contains information on both air and sea freight companies. As this document is a summary of a constantly evolving industry, the reader is encouraged to confirm critical details with the shipper or freight forwarder they choose. The use of freight forwarders is encouraged for exporters without a shipping department dedicated to staying up to date on changes in the shipping industry.
Shipping options from Canada to the Eastern Caribbean have seen significant changes in the last few years, including the popularization of the 20 foot reefer throughout the region. Shipping access for perishable goods has improved significantly over the last two years, which has resulted in a decrease in required insurance. There are better consolidation facilities for perishable and frozen food items, such as the Halifax cold consolidation facility. These changes make the region more accessible to the small and medium exporter than it has been in the past.
The most cost-effective way of transporting goods to Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean is via ship. The region is serviced by a wide number of shipping lines, which offer weekly schedules to most of the islands. With the exception of Hapag-Lloyd, Maersk and Tropical Shipping, the other shipping companies do not ship direct from Canada, but have hubs located in the USA, including Florida, New York and New Jersey.
Goods will be transported from Canadian warehouses to the sea ports, by train or truck, depending on the shipping company used, the availability of train service, and the cost. Once the goods have reached the sea port they are destined for, they will be loaded on to ships which are often bound for hubs in the destination region rather than going directly to all possible destinations. At these hubs, the goods are unloaded from the original ship and loaded onto other vessels which serve the final destination. For example, a shipment of goods from Toronto bound for Martinique with Tropical Shipping would likely travel by rail from Toronto to Saint John, New Brunswick, and be loaded onto a boat bound for St. Maarten. At St. Maarten, Tropical would contract with a third party to take the shipment on to Martinique. The shipment would typically arrive in Martinique eleven days after leaving Saint John.
Less-than-Container load, or LCL, shipments must be consolidated into twenty or forty foot containers before being loaded onto a boat. Depending upon the shipping company, the exporter may be required to work with a third party to consolidate their shipment into containers with other goods, or the shipping company may provide consolidation services, either in one central location, such as their hub in Canada or the USA, or at distributed locations throughout Canada.
The challenges involved in shipping frozen or chilled LCL goods by sea have decreased in recent years with the increased sophistication of the shipping industry in the Caribbean region. However, compared to air freight, the increased need for handling and the potential for time delays continue to pose a risk for spoilage and loss for shipments destined for the smaller islands. A frozen LCL shipment out of Toronto, destined for St. Kitts, for example, might need to be trucked to Florida, placed in a cold storage facility, re-packed into a refrigerating container, or reefer, shipped to the feeder destination, placed in a cold storage facility, then re-packed into a reefer and shipped to St. Kitts. The cost to complete this type of shipment is increased by high insurance rates, which may make the goods uncompetitive. Tropical Shipping provides consolidation services of refrigerated LCL shipments in Montreal, but only for goods bound for Barbados at this time. The market has and will continue to evolve, improving access to the region.
Another issue to consider for frozen meats shipped LCL with some shippers is the inspection requirements in some of the islands. As discussed, some shippers require the LCL goods to be shipped to an American port for consolidation. When they cross the USA-Canada border, they are classified as having entered the USA. The certificate of origin for these meats, when leaving the USA, will now come from the USA, not Canada. Some countries, such as Barbados, require that these repackaged meats be re-inspected by USA officials, and given a USA generated health certificate, before they will accept it. This adds another item onto the cost of shipping frozen meats into this region. Companies looking to ship frozen LCL orders may be more competitive shipping the goods via air, or working with a consolidator that deals with frozen container load shipments consolidated in Canada. However, a shipment departing from Canada by sea and traveling to the Caribbean destination would avoid this problem.
Container loads of frozen goods can pose some challenges. In the past, forty foot reefer containers were used most frequently, and those destined for the Caribbean were often packed with frozen french fries and vegetables. Twenty foot containers are now more widely available with companies such as Tropical and Crowley. The exporter must also consider that in many of these markets, even a 20 foot container of frozen goods can represent 3 to 6 months worth of inventory. The end buyer must then have access to cold storage facilities, which are limited and expensive in some parts of the region. To avoid these costs, many buyers from the smaller Caribbean islands deal directly with a consolidator in Florida, or share container space with other buyers. Shipping agents are usually familiar with these companies, and can often assist the exporters. As they ship over sea from Canada, Tropical, Maersk and Hapag-Lloyd can provide refrigerated service to their Caribbean destinations, as can some of the other shippers who move goods overland from Canada to the USA hubs. However, refrigerated service from Canada is not available with every shipping company. Bernuth, for example, does not have refrigerated overland transport, but can accommodate refrigerated goods from Florida to the various Caribbean islands they service.
By Sea from Canada
Shipments leaving Canada by sea will usually depart from an Eastern port, such as Halifax or Saint John, N.B., to the ultimate destination or on to a southern hub, such as one in Florida or Panama, for redistribution onto other vessels. Depending on the final destination, goods may be then delivered to their final delivery point, or shipped to a further hub in the Caribbean, and re-packed onto feeder vessels for shipments to the smaller islands. Shipping by sea from Canada, rather than overland through the USA, has a significant advantage due to recently increased border security in the USA.
By Sea from USA
Ships bound for the Eastern Caribbean depart from numerous hubs in the USA, New York, New Jersey and Florida being the most common. Goods bound for the Eastern Caribbean travel overland by truck or train to these hubs. Shipments departing from the USA will also often be redistributed on to feeder vessels at a hub point in the Caribbean, similar to shipments by sea from Canada. Shippers must also consider that their shipment will be subjected to significant security examinations while transshipped through the USA.
The majority of shipping lines depart for the Caribbean out of Florida and offer a service once a week or once every ten days. Ships leave Florida, and make a number of stops en route. Barbados is usually visited toward the end of the ship's journey. For example, Bernuth leaves Miami, Florida, travels to St. Maarten, Anguilla, St. Lucia, Barbados, and then back to Miami. Bernuth, CMA-CGM and Tropical Shipping service most of these islands with their own ships. The other lines offer a mix of direct and feeder services to the islands. Appendix A provides details on the shipping lines' services in this region. Appendix B provides contact information on the shipping lines.
All of the shipping lines mentioned in this report have offices and/or receiving facilities in various Canadian cities. Many of these companies will provide quotes to suppliers and updated information on schedules through their web pages. Tropical does not require that the shipper deliver their goods to a Tropical receiving point, and will accept goods in any major Canadian city, either by arranging for pickup by truck for delivery to, or by drop off at the nearest CN Rail, CP Rail or other rail line's yard.
Bernuth Agencies Ltd
Bernuth provides service with their own ships to Anguilla, Dominica, Grenada, Montserrat, St. Kitts, St. Lucia, St. Maarten and St. Vincent. Sample transit times from Miami to Grenada is nine days and seven days to Barbados. Their typical transit time, from Toronto or Montreal to Miami is ten days by rail. They do not provide refrigerated service from Canada, but can from Miami to the Caribbean. Bernuth can provide empty containers for source-loading at exporters' warehouses in major cities. They will also receive and consolidate LCL shipments in Montreal and Toronto.
CMA-CGM Caribbean Ltd. (Cagema)
Goods from Canada bound for the Caribbean with CMA-CGM will travel overland to New York, and then by sea to their hub in Jamaica. CMA-CGM ships serve Antigua, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Maarten and St. Vincent on a weekly basis. Their sister company, CGM-Interline, serves Anguilla, Montserrat and St. Kitts through their hub in St. Maarten. They do not provide LCL consolidation services. Refrigerated service is available in both twenty and forty foot containers.
Crowley Liner Services
Goods bound for the Caribbean from Canada with Crowley will typically travel overland to the Crowley hub in New Jersey, and then by sea to their hub in San Juan and then to St. Thomas, USVI. Crowley serves Barbados and St. Vincent directly from these hubs. They will arrange for third party service to British Virgin Islands, St. Kitts and St. Maarten through their hub in St. Thomas. They do not provide LCL consolidation. Both twenty and forty foot refrigerated service is available with Crowley.
Hapag-Lloyd
Hapag-Lloyd has ships departing Vancouver and Halifax, bound for Panama. Goods headed for the Eastern Caribbean would be loaded in Panama onto a ship bound for Jamaica, where they would be loaded onto a third party vessel to Barbados. Hapag-Lloyd does not offer LCL consolidation services, but can accommodate both twenty and forty foot refrigerated containers.
Maersk Sealand
Maersk provides service on its own vessels to Barbados, St. Lucia and St. Maarten through their hubs in Trinidad, Miami and the Bahamas. Forty foot refrigerated containers are available but Maersk does not have twenty footers available. Routing can be quite variable, depending on market conditions. An example routing for goods bound for St. Lucia from Atlantic Canada might be by sea from Halifax to hubs in Miami, the Bahamas, or Trinidad. It also might go overland to a Maersk hub in Newark, New Jersey, and on by sea further south.
Tropical Shipping
Tropical has ships serving all of the islands discussed in this report, with the exception of Guadeloupe, Martinique and Montserrat. Goods for those three islands will be put onto a third party feeder vessel from their hub in St. Maarten. Tropical offers LCL consolidation services in Moncton, Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, New York and Miami, and offers refrigerated LCL consolidation for goods bound for Barbados only. Both twenty and forty foot refrigerated containers are available with Tropical. Typically, goods bound for the Caribbean from Canada will travel overland to Tropical's hub in Saint John, New Brunswick, and then on by sea to their headquarters and hub in West Palm Beach, Florida. Goods will then be put on to different vessels and distributed on to regional hubs in St. Thomas, Trinidad and St. Maarten. Tropical is able to arrange a overland service to Florida and on to the Caribbean for extreme circumstances and time sensitive goods; however this is very expensive and is rarely a necessity with weekly service and fast all water transits out of Saint John. Some sample travel times for goods from Saint John are: to Barbados eight days, to Montserrat twelve days, to the British Virgin Islands eight days, and to St. Kitts eleven days. Tropical has recently acquired the Eastern Caribbean service section of Tecmarine, and the container division of Kent Lines.
Kent Lines International
Independent of Tropical, Kent Lines continues to provide break-bulk shipment of pallets, bundles, and other large objects, typically lumber and similar construction materials, weighing 10,000 or more metric tonnes.
Air freight service is currently available through:
Contact information for these airlines is available in Appendix C.
Shipping services available between Canada and Barbados and the OECS by country.
| LCL | Less-than-Container Load |
| Reefer | Frozen, Chilled or Fresh |
| Transshipment via Third Party Contracted by Shipping Line | |
| Transshipment | Involves a redistribution hub and unloading of container from previous vessel prior to departure for ultimate destination |
| Barbados | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bernuth | Major Cities | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Crowley | Montreal/ Toronto | Pennsauken NJ | San Juan | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Hapag-Lloyd | Halifax/ Vancouver | Panama | * Jamaica | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Maersk Sealand | Halifax/ Toronto/ Montreal | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | West Palm Beach | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Anguilla | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Bernuth | Major Cities | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica to * St. Martin | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | St. Thomas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Antigua | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | St. Thomas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| B.V.I. | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Crowley | Montreal/ Toronto | Pennsauken NJ | * St. Thomas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | St. Thomas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Dominica | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Bernuth | Major Cities | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica to St. Lucia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | St. Thomas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Grenada | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Bernuth | Major Cities | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica to St. Lucia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | West Palm Beach | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Guadeloupe | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica to St. Maarten | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | * St. Maarten | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Martinique | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica to St. Lucia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | *St. Maarten | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Montserrat | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Bernuth | Major Cities | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City to Jamaica | * St. Maarten | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | *St. Maarten | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| St.Maarten/ St.Martin | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Bernuth | Major Cities | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Crowley | Montreal/ Toronto | Pennsauken NJ | * St. Thomas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Maersk Sealand | Halifax/ Toronto/ Montreal | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | Direct | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| St. Kitts & Nevis | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Bernuth | Major Cities | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica to *St. Maarten | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Crowley | Montreal/ Toronto | Pennsauken NJ | * St. Thomas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | St. Thomas | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| St. Lucia | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Bernuth | Major Cities | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Maersk Sealand | Halifax/ Montreal/ Toronto | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | West Palm Beach | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| St.Vincent | Origin | Port of Load | Direct / Trans- shipment | 20' Dry | 40' Dry | 20' Reefer | 40' Reefer | LCL |
| Bernuth | Major Cities | Miami | Direct | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| Cagema CMA-CGM | Montreal/ Toronto/ Vancouver | New York City | Jamaica to St. Lucia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Crowley | Montreal/ Toronto | Pennsauken NJ | San Juan | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Tropical | All Canadian Cities | Saint John | West Palm Beach to Trinidad | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Contact information for shipping lines serving Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean
| Bernuth Agencies Ltd Montreal Toronto Barbados Anguilla Netherlands Antilles St. Vincent CMA-CGM Caribbean Ltd. Montreal Toronto Vancouver Miami Dominica Grenada St. Kitts St. Lucia St. Maarten Anguilla Antigua Barbados Dominica Grenada Guadeloupe Martinique Montserrat St. Lucia St. Maarten St. Martin St. Kitts St. Vincent Crowley Liner Services Montreal Toronto Jacksonville Florida Barbados St. Thomas St. Vincent | Hapag-Lloyd (Canada) Inc. Montreal Halifax Vancouver Barbados Bridgetown Barbados Kent Lines International Head Office Maersk Sealand Halifax Toronto Vancouver Montreal Barbados St. Lucia St. Martin Tropical Shipping St. John, N.B. Montreal Toronto Anguilla Antigua Barbados B.V.I.-Tortola Dominica Grenada Guadeloupe, F.W.I. Martinique, F.W.I. Fort de France Montserrat Nevis St. Kitts St. Lucia St. Maarten St. Vincent |
Contact information for companies providing shipping services but not covered in this report.
| Evergreen America Corporation 195 The West Mall, Suite 988 Vancouver MSC Canada Inc. Montreal Halifax Toronto Vancouver | Seaboard Marine Toronto Montreal Zim Israel Navigation Halifax Montreal Toronto Vancouver |
| Air Canada Toronto L. B. Pearson Sales office for Caribbean Air Transat Cargo Department Website: www.bwee.com BWIA Cargo Cargo Technical Information
| Amerijet International Miami Montreal Toronto LIAT Antigua |
Other sources of information
| C A R Leslie Shipping Report for Barbados Mr. Drew Jardine Canadian Sailings For information, contact: Canadian Transportation & Logistics | Canadian Transportation Web "Internet Resources for International Cargo Transportation" Source: www.cteam.ca/ctw/ Caribbean Aviation Freightworld.com Donald B Littlefield Company |
| Trade Section Mr. Richard Franklin Bishop's Court Hill Export Development Canada | Canadian Commercial Corporation CIDA Industrial Cooperation Program |
| Canadian International Canadian Trucking Alliance 130 Slater Street, Suite 1025 Caribbean Shipping Association Secretariat Canadian Shipowners Association 350 Sparks Street, Suite 705 |
1243 Islington Avenue, Suite 706 Association of Regional Railways of Canada From the website: "ARRC was formed in Ottawa Vancouver |