European regulations have transformed what was once an environmental objective into an industrial obligation. The European regulation on critical raw materials sets a recycling capacity target for 2030 equivalent to 25% of Europe’s annual consumption of strategic materials. For some sectors, the targets are very specific, with minimum recovery and incorporation thresholds. This is particularly true for batteries, which aim for a recovery rate of 90% for cobalt, copper, nickel and lead by the end of 2027, and a recovery of 50% for lithium by the end of 2027, increasing to 80% by the end of 2031.
The recycling industry chain in France is evolving by leveraging its historical expertise in metallurgy, its capacity for innovation through its research institutions, and its major industrial groups.
- CEA-Liten, based in Grenoble, works across the entire battery value chain, from materials to cells, systems and recycling. It is also developing processes involving lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, precious metals and rare earths.
- In 2025, CEA and Orano launched a pilot line dedicated to the recycling and remanufacturing of permanent magnets containing rare earths.
- In Orléans, BRGM’s Plat’Inn platform makes it possible to test and optimize processes for processing ores, waste and industrial byproducts, particularly to recover strategic metals contained in electronic circuit boards and permanent magnets.
- In Lacq, construction is underway for Caremag, a cutting-edge European facility designed to produce high-purity rare-earth oxides from recycled permanent magnets and mineral concentrates using a process with low environmental impact.
The French government, through the France 2030 program and specifically a national call for projects known as “Solutions innovantes pour l’amélioration de la recyclabilité, du recyclage et de la réincorporation des matériaux” [innovative solutions for improving the recyclability, recycling and reincorporation of materials] has invested over 253 million euros for 34 projects representing 2.5 billion in industrial investments.
This situation is favourable to new entrants: industrial chains are not yet completely locked down, and French manufacturers are looking for innovative technologies to, for example, improve recovery yield and the purity of the materials produced, reduce the consumption of energy and reagents, separate black mass, trace secondary materials, etc.
France, and more broadly the EU, offers a growing and demanding market. The industrial sector must invest in innovative processes capable of achieving high recovery rates, secure access to flows (waste/batteries/WEEE), prove the traceability and quality of secondary materials, and position itself on accelerated/fundable projects in the critical minerals (CM) sector.
Therefore, by choosing France for its international development, a Canadian company would benefit from easier access to the European market and numerous opportunities to cooperate with leading partners in the critical mineral recycling and urban mining industry.